ArcGIS is a suite consisting of a group of geographic information system (GIS) software products produced by Esri. wikipedia.org

QGIS is a cross-platform free and open-source desktop geographic information systems (GIS) application that provides data viewing, editing, and analysis capabilities.

Analysis of data is a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of highlighting useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making. wikipedia.org

Data mining is the process of discovering new patterns from large data sets involving methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics and database systems. wikipedia.org

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. wikipedia.org

Spatial analysis or spatial statistics includes any of the formal techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties. wikipedia.org

PostGIS is an open source software program that adds support for geographic objects to the PostgreSQL object-relational database.

A geographic information system is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographically referenced data. wikipedia.org

Geospatial analysis is an approach to applying statistical analysis and other informational techniques to data which has a geographical or geospatial aspect. wikipedia.org

JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles. wikipedia.org

Extract, transform and load (ETL) is a process in database usage and especially in data warehousing that involves: wikipedia.org