Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python claims to combine "remarkable power with very clear syntax", and its standard library is large and comprehensive. wikipedia.org

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems (RDBMS). wikipedia.org

Pentaho is the leader in Open Source Business Intelligence. Pentaho manages, facilitates, supports, and takes the lead development role in the Pentaho BI Project wikipedia.org

Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, is a scientific discipline concerned with the design and development of algorithms that allow computers to evolve behaviors based on empirical data, such as from sensor data or databases.

A primary goal of data visualization is to communicate information clearly and efficiently to users via the information graphics selected, such as tables and charts. Effective visualization helps users in analyzing and reasoning about data and evidence. wikipedia.org

Scrapy is a web crawling framework, which was designed for web scraping. It is open-source and written in Python. It is controlled using command line tools, that can be used to trigger the scrapers written in Python. wikipedia.org

SQL is a special-purpose programming language designed for managing data held in a relational database management system. wikipedia.org

MySQL is (as of March 2014) the world's second most widely used open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). wikipedia.org

PDF conversion is the process of converting PDF documents, an ubiquitous format for digital documents, to other formats, such as Microsoft Office formats (Word, Excel, Powerpoint), HTML, and computer graphics formats (GIF, JPEG, PNG).

PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. wikipedia.org

Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data. It deals with all aspects of this, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments. wikipedia.org

Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying formal data modeling techniques.

Data migration is the process of transferring data between computer storage types or file formats.

Extract, transform and load (ETL) is a process in database usage and especially in data warehousing that involves: wikipedia.org

A regular expression provides a concise and flexible means for "matching" (specifying and recognizing) strings of text, such as particular characters, words, or patterns of characters. Abbreviations for "regular expression" include "regex" and "regexp". wikipedia.org