Adobe Illustrator is a vector graphics editor developed and marketed by Adobe Systems. wikipedia.org

Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems Incorporated. wikipedia.org

KeyShot is a standalone real-time rendering application that makes renderings and animations fast and easy, with support for the a number of 3D file formats on both Mac and PC.

Marvelous Designer allows users to create 3D virtual clothing. wikipedia.org

Mudbox is a computer-based 3D sculpting and painting tool. Currently developed by Autodesk, Mudbox's primary application is high-res digital sculpting, texture painting, and displacement and normal map creation, though it's also used as a design tool. wikipedia.org

3D rendering is the 3D computer graphics process of automatically converting 3D wire frame models into 2D images with 3D photorealistic effects on a computer. wikipedia.org

ZBrush is a digital sculpting tool that combines 3D/2.5D modeling, texturing and painting. It uses a proprietary "pixol" technology (see below) which stores lighting, color, material, and depth information for all objects on the screen. wikipedia.org

3D modeling (also known as meshing) is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional surface of object (either inanimate or living) via specialized software. wikipedia.org

V-Ray is a rendering engine that is used as an extension of certain 3D computer graphics software. wikipedia.org