Autodesk 3ds Max, formerly 3D Studio Max, is a professional 3D computer graphics program for making 3D animations, models, games and images. It was developed and produced by Autodesk Media and Entertainment. wikipedia.org

3D rendering is the 3D computer graphics process of automatically converting 3D wire frame models into 2D images with 3D photorealistic effects on a computer. wikipedia.org

3D modeling (also known as meshing) is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional surface of object (either inanimate or living) via specialized software. wikipedia.org

Adobe Photoshop is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems Incorporated. wikipedia.org

ZBrush is a digital sculpting tool that combines 3D/2.5D modeling, texturing and painting. It uses a proprietary "pixol" technology (see below) which stores lighting, color, material, and depth information for all objects on the screen. wikipedia.org

Substance Painter is a 3D painting software allowing users to texture, render and share their work.

Visualization is any technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a message. Visualization through visual imagery has been an effective way to communicate both abstract and concrete ideas since the dawn of man. wikipedia.org

Substance Designer is a node-based non-destructive application for material authoring.